–with widespread killings of Jews as a backdrop.
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Nine Crusades would be launched (between 1095–1272 CE) into the Middle East, with Jerusalem, and Christian control thereof, as the penultimate target.
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The Ninth Crusade, the last major medieval Crusade, ended with the fall to the (Arab) Mamluks of Tripoli [now Libra] (1289) and Acre [Holy Land] (1291). Those Christians unable to leave the cities were massacred and the last traces of local Christian rule in the Levant disappeared.