1561 CE: HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR FERDINAND I

Promised to ban the Jews from Prague. However, the Jewish leader and advocate Mordechai Zemach saved them. He went to Rome to convince Pope Pius IV to release the Emperor from his oath. While Zemach was gone, many Jews were forced to leave or were attacked by robber barons.
– after Eli Birnbaum

Reign as Holy Roman Emperor: 1531–1564

[b. 1503, Castile, Spain; d. 1564, Vienna, Austria]