The Heresy Trial of Galileo:
–for his theory (ultimately proven correct, of course) that the Earth revolves around the Sun.
After trial, the sentence of this Holy Vatican Inquisition against Galileo for heresy under Pope Urban VIII was 3–part:
1) Galileo was required to repudiate and renounce his theory.
2) Galileo was ordered incarcerated, first in prison, then under house arrest for the remainder of his life.
3) The publication or dissemination of his works – past, present and future – was banned.
The Church officially maintained Galileo’s guilt for 359 years, until October 31, 1992.