1701 CE: FREDERICK I OF BRANDENBURG DECLARES HIMSELF (the first) KING OF PRUSSIA

Prussia spanned 1527–1947. It was the leading state of the German Empire during Prussia’s tenure on this planet. The last capital of Prussia was Berlin.

[Frederick I of Prussia (1657-1713) is not to be confused with sundry other ‘Frederick I’ personages, including Frederick I (1122-1190), Holy Roman Emperor a.k.a. Frederick Barbarosa. Nor is he to be confused with Frederick I of Sweden, who had an overlapping lifetime (1676-1751) and political tenure.]

Frederick II, grandson of Frederick I of Prussia, was to be known as Frederick the Great (1740-1786). He wrote deprecatingly of his grandfather: “All in all, he was great in small matters, and small in great.”

During the eighteenth century Prussia itself became a great European power under the reign of Frederick the Great (Frederick II). During the nineteenth century, Otto von Bismarck (first a Prussian statesman, and then Chancellor of the Northern German Federation and then of the German Empire) pursued a policy of successfully uniting the German principalities and of astutely projecting German political power across Europe.