Vilnius, Lithuania: Internationalist, socialist Jewish–culture–centered movement founded (opposed Zionism)
Britannica –
“Jewish Socialist political movement founded in Vilnius in 1897 by a small group of workers and intellectuals from the Jewish Pale of tsarist Russia. The Bund called for the abolition of discrimination against Jews and the reconstitution of Russia along federal lines…In April 1920 the Bund divided into two groups: the majority merged with the Communist Party while the minority, led by Rafael Abramovich, maintained its separate identity until suppressed by the Bolshevik government (see 1917 CE: THE BOLSHEVIKS). The Bund was active in Poland between World War I and World War II.”
Encyclopaedia Britannica Online, (accessed November 18, 2008)
(Note: The main business district in contemporary Shanghai overlooking Shanghai Bay is also called “the Bund” to this day. The same Jewish socialist group had an “Asian office” centered in the area of the businesses of the prominent Jewish expatriates in Shanghai, which apparently caused quite a stir.)