August 11, Weimer, Germany: Parliamentary republic established after the last Hohenzollern ruler was unseated (November 28, 1918). The republic was to effectively last 14 years until the German apparatus of state was hijacked by the elected Chancellor Hitler and his Nazi party. The legal measures taken by the Nazi government February-March 1933, known as Gleischaltung (“coordination”) meant that the Nazi junta/government could as a consequence legislate contrary to the constitution (of 1919).