Jan 30: President Paul von Hindenburg appointed Hitler as Chancellor of Germany, after his victory in free elections. Over the next few months (during the so–called Gleichschaltung) Hitler eliminated all rival political parties in Germany, so that by summer 1933 there was only one political party in Germany, the Nazi party. The remaining key power centers at–that–point were the army, and to a lesser extent, the semi–autonomous SA (the Sturmabteilung), a Nazi paramilitary organization, also known as the “brown shirts.”
By the time of the election of Adolf Hitler in 1933, the Jews of Europe as a group had been psychologically battered and hammered in Europe for over 19 consecutive centuries.