–devastated Spain, July 1936 – Apr 1939
The Republicans: The Spanish Loyalists—with support of the International Brigades, the Soviet Union, and Mexico v. The Nationalists: (anti–Communists) with support of Italy, Germany and Portugal.
200,000–500,000 die in the brutal conflict.
The Nationalists under monarchist Franco win.
During WWII to follow, and especially after 1942, quasi neutral Spain had a quasi porous border as regards the Jews, and Spain was a quasi safe haven for Jewish refugees (lots of quasi–s).
1936 CE: WORLD JEWISH CONGRESS
WJC founded in Switzerland…
Later, 1951, it organizes the Conference on Jewish Material Claims against Germany. Then, in 1982 it founds the World Jewish Restitution Organization.
Presidents: Stephen S. Wise, Nahum Goldmann, Philip Klutznick, Edgar Bronfman, Ronald Lauder.