Parthian kingdom, whose center of gravity is northeast Iran, founded in the Middle East and Near East during the Arsacid Dynasty. Allied with the Jews against Rome.
Arch–enemy of the Roman Empire to the west, Parthia reaches its greatest extent around 150 BCE under Mithridates and lasts approximately 500 years. It was defeated in 224 CE by a vassal group, the Persians of the Sassanid Dynasty.