–probably in central or southern India
Aryabhata (476 CE–550 CE) is the first in the line of great mathematician–astronomers from the classical age of Indian mathematics and astronomy. Aryabhata is the father of the Hindu–Arabic (decimal) number system, which has, of course, become universal today.
His most famous work, aside from the Aryabhatiya just–noted, is the Arya–Siddhanta.